#include "Plane3.h"
#include "ViewCellBsp.h"
#include "Mesh.h"
#include "common.h"
#include "ViewCell.h"
#include "Environment.h"
#include "Polygon3.h"
#include "Ray.h"
#include "AxisAlignedBox3.h"
#include <stack>
#include <time.h>
#include <iomanip>
#include "Exporter.h"
#include "Plane3.h"

int BspTree::sTermMaxPolygons = 10;
int BspTree::sTermMaxDepth = 20;
int BspTree::sMaxCandidates = 10;
int BspTree::sSplitPlaneStrategy = BALANCED_POLYS; 
int BspTree::sConstructionMethod = FROM_INPUT_VIEW_CELLS;
int BspTree::sTermMaxPolysForAxisAligned = 50;
int BspTree::sTermMaxRays = -1;

float BspTree::sCt_div_ci = 1.0f;
float BspTree::sSplitBorder = 1.0f;
float BspTree::sMaxCostRatio = 0.9f;

//-- factors for bsp tree split plane heuristics

float BspTree::sLeastSplitsFactor = 1.0f;
float BspTree::sBalancedPolysFactor = 1.0f;
float BspTree::sBalancedViewCellsFactor = 1.0f;
// NOTE:  very important criterium for 2.5d scenes
float BspTree::sVerticalSplitsFactor = 1.0f;
float BspTree::sLargestPolyAreaFactor = 1.0f;
float BspTree::sBlockedRaysFactor = 1.0f;
float BspTree::sLeastRaySplitsFactor = 1.0f;
float BspTree::sBalancedRaysFactor = 1.0f;

bool BspTree::sStoreSplitPolys = false;

/** Evaluates split plane classification with respect to the plane's 
	contribution for a balanced tree.
*/
float BspTree::sLeastSplitsTable[] = {0, 0, 1, 0};
/** Evaluates split plane classification with respect to the plane's 
	contribution for a minimum number splits in the tree.
*/
float BspTree::sBalancedPolysTable[] = {-1, 1, 0, 0};

/****************************************************************/
/*                  class BspNode implementation                */
/****************************************************************/

BspNode::BspNode(): 
mParent(NULL), mPolygons(NULL)
{}

BspNode::BspNode(BspInterior *parent): 
mParent(parent), mPolygons(NULL)
{}

BspNode::~BspNode()
{
	if (mPolygons)
	{
		CLEAR_CONTAINER(*mPolygons);
		DEL_PTR(mPolygons);
	}
}

bool BspNode::IsRoot() const 
{
	return mParent == NULL;
}

BspInterior *BspNode::GetParent() 
{ 
	return mParent; 
}

void BspNode::SetParent(BspInterior *parent)
{
	mParent = parent;
}

PolygonContainer *BspNode::GetPolygons()
{
	if (!mPolygons)
		mPolygons = new PolygonContainer();

	return mPolygons;
}

void BspNode::ProcessPolygons(PolygonContainer *polys, bool storePolys)
{
	if (storePolys)
	{
		while (!polys->empty())
		{
			GetPolygons()->push_back(polys->back());
			polys->pop_back();
		}
	}
	else CLEAR_CONTAINER(*polys);
}


/****************************************************************/
/*              class BspInterior implementation                */
/****************************************************************/


BspInterior::BspInterior(const Plane3 &plane): 
mPlane(plane), mFront(NULL), mBack(NULL)
{}

bool BspInterior::IsLeaf() const
{ 
	return false; 
}

BspNode *BspInterior::GetBack() 
{
	return mBack;
}

BspNode *BspInterior::GetFront() 
{
	return mFront;
}

Plane3 *BspInterior::GetPlane()
{
	return &mPlane;
}

void BspInterior::ReplaceChildLink(BspNode *oldChild, BspNode *newChild) 
{
	if (mBack == oldChild)
		mBack = newChild;
	else
		mFront = newChild;
}

void BspInterior::SetupChildLinks(BspNode *b, BspNode *f) 
{
    mBack = b;
    mFront = f;
}

void BspInterior::ProcessPolygon(Polygon3 **poly, const bool storePolys)
{
	if (storePolys) 
		GetPolygons()->push_back(*poly);
	else
		DEL_PTR(*poly);
}

void BspInterior::SplitRays(RayContainer &rays, 
							RayContainer &frontRays, 
							RayContainer &backRays)
{
	while (!rays.empty())
	{
		Ray *ray = rays.back();
		rays.pop_back();

		//-- ray-plane intersection
		float maxT = 1e6;
		float minT = 0;
	
		// test with tree bounding box
/*		if (!mBox.GetMinMaxT(*ray, &minT, &maxT))
			continue;
		if (minT < 0) // start ray from origin
			minT = 0;
*/
		// bound ray
		if ((ray->GetType() == Ray::LOCAL_RAY) && 
			(!ray->intersections.empty())      &&
			(ray->intersections[0].mT <= maxT))
		{
			maxT = ray->intersections[0].mT;
		}
		
		int classification = ray->ClassifyPlane(mPlane, minT, maxT);
		
		switch (classification)
		{
		case Plane3::COINCIDENT:
			break;
		case Plane3::BACK_SIDE:
			ray->SetId(BACK_RAY);
			backRays.push_back(ray);
			break;
		case Plane3::FRONT_SIDE:
			ray->SetId(FRONT_RAY);
			frontRays.push_back(ray);
			break;
		case Plane3::SPLIT:
			ray->SetId(SPLIT_RAY);
			frontRays.push_back(ray);
			backRays.push_back(ray);
			//extp = splitPlane->FindIntersection(ray.GetLoc(), extp, &maxt);
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
}

int BspInterior::SplitPolygons(PolygonContainer &polys, 
							   PolygonContainer &frontPolys, 
							   PolygonContainer &backPolys, 
							   PolygonContainer &coincident,
							   bool storePolys)
{
	Polygon3 *splitPoly = NULL;

	int splits = 0;

#ifdef _Debug
	Debug << "splitting polygons of node " << this << " with plane " << mPlane << endl;
#endif
	while (!polys.empty())
	{
		Polygon3 *poly = polys.back();
		polys.pop_back();

		//Debug << "New polygon with plane: " << poly->GetSupportingPlane() << "\n";

		// classify polygon
		int classification = poly->ClassifyPlane(mPlane);

		Polygon3 *front_piece = NULL;
		Polygon3 *back_piece = NULL;
	
		VertexContainer splitVertices;

		switch (classification)
		{
			case Plane3::COINCIDENT:
				coincident.push_back(poly);
				break;			
			case Plane3::FRONT_SIDE:	
				frontPolys.push_back(poly);
				break;
			case Plane3::BACK_SIDE:
				backPolys.push_back(poly);
				break;
			case Plane3::SPLIT:
				front_piece = new Polygon3(poly->mParent);
				back_piece = new Polygon3(poly->mParent);

				//-- split polygon into front and back part
				poly->Split(mPlane, 
							*front_piece, 
							*back_piece, 
							splitVertices);
					
				++ splits; // increase number of splits

				//-- inherit rays
				if (poly->mPiercingRays)
					InheritRays(*poly, *front_piece, *back_piece);

				// check if polygons still valid 
				if (front_piece->Valid())
					frontPolys.push_back(front_piece);
				else
					DEL_PTR(front_piece);
				
				if (back_piece->Valid())
					backPolys.push_back(back_piece);
				else				
					DEL_PTR(back_piece);
				
#ifdef _DEBUG
				Debug << "split " << *poly << endl << *front_piece << endl << *back_piece << endl;
#endif
				ProcessPolygon(&poly, storePolys);
				
				break;
			default:
                Debug << "SHOULD NEVER COME HERE\n";
				break;
		}
	}

	return splits;
}

void BspInterior::InheritRays(const Polygon3 &poly, 
						      Polygon3 &front_piece, 
						      Polygon3 &back_piece)
{
	RayContainer *rays = poly.mPiercingRays;

	RayContainer::const_iterator it, it_end = rays->end();

	for (it = rays->begin(); it != it_end; ++ it)
	{
		switch((*it)->GetId())
		{
		case BACK_RAY:
			back_piece.GetPiercingRays()->push_back(*it);
			break;
		case FRONT_RAY:
			front_piece.GetPiercingRays()->push_back(*it);
			break;
		}
	}
}

/****************************************************************/
/*                  class BspLeaf implementation                */
/****************************************************************/
BspLeaf::BspLeaf(): mViewCell(NULL)
{
}

BspLeaf::BspLeaf(ViewCell *viewCell): mViewCell(viewCell)
{
}

BspLeaf::BspLeaf(BspInterior *parent): BspNode(parent), mViewCell(NULL)
{}

BspLeaf::BspLeaf(BspInterior *parent, ViewCell *viewCell): 
BspNode(parent), mViewCell(viewCell)
{
}

ViewCell *BspLeaf::GetViewCell()
{
	return mViewCell;
}

void BspLeaf::SetViewCell(ViewCell *viewCell)
{
	mViewCell = viewCell;
}

bool BspLeaf::IsLeaf() const 
{ 
	return true; 
}

int BspLeaf::GenerateViewCell(const RayContainer &rays)
{
	int contributingSamples = 0;

	mViewCell = new ViewCell();

    RayContainer::const_iterator it, it_end = rays.end();

	// add contributions from samples to the PVS
	for (it = rays.begin(); it != it_end; ++ it)
	{
		if (!(*it)->intersections.empty())
		{	
            if (mViewCell->GetPvs().AddSample((*it)->intersections[0].mObject) > 0)
				++ contributingSamples;
		}
	}

	return contributingSamples;
}


/****************************************************************/
/*                  class BspTree implementation                */
/****************************************************************/

BspTree::BspTree(ViewCell *viewCell): 
mRootCell(viewCell), mRoot(NULL), mGenerateViewCells(false)
{
	Randomize(); // initialise random generator for heuristics
}
 
const BspTreeStatistics &BspTree::GetStatistics() const 
{
	return mStat;
}

void BspTreeStatistics::Print(ostream &app) const
{
	app << "===== BspTree statistics ===============\n";

	app << setprecision(4);

	app << "#N_NODES ( Number of nodes )\n" << nodes << "\n";

	app << "#N_INTERIORS ( Number of interior nodes )\n" << Interior() << "\n";

	app << "#N_LEAVES ( Number of leaves )\n" << Leaves() << "\n";

	app << "#N_SPLITS ( Number of splits )\n" << splits << "\n";

	app << "#N_PMAXDEPTHLEAVES ( Percentage of leaves at maxdepth )\n"<<
	maxDepthNodes * 100 / (double)Leaves() << endl;

	app << "#N_PMAXDEPTH ( Maximal reached depth )\n" << maxDepth << endl;

	app << "#N_PMINDEPTH ( Minimal reached depth )\n" << minDepth << endl;

	app << "#AVGDEPTH ( average depth )\n" << AvgDepth() << endl;

	app << "#N_INPUT_POLYGONS (number of input polygons )\n" <<	polys << endl;

	app << "#N_PVS: " << pvs << endl;

	app << "#N_ROUTPUT_INPUT_POLYGONS ( ratio polygons after subdivision / input polygons )\n" <<
		 (polys + splits) / (double)polys << endl;
	
	app << "===== END OF BspTree statistics ==========\n";
}

BspTree::~BspTree()
{
	std::stack<BspNode *> tStack;

	tStack.push(mRoot);

	while (!tStack.empty())
	{
		BspNode *node = tStack.top();

	    tStack.pop();
	
		if (!node->IsLeaf())
		{
			BspInterior *interior = dynamic_cast<BspInterior *>(node);

			// push the children on the stack (there are always two children)
			tStack.push(interior->GetBack());
			tStack.push(interior->GetFront());
		}

		DEL_PTR(node);
	}
}

void BspTree::InsertViewCell(ViewCell *viewCell)
{
	PolygonContainer *polys = new PolygonContainer();

	// extract polygons that guide the split process
	mStat.polys += AddMeshToPolygons(viewCell->GetMesh(), *polys, viewCell);
	mBox.Include(viewCell->GetBox()); // add to BSP aabb

	InsertPolygons(polys);
}

void BspTree::InsertPolygons(PolygonContainer *polys)
{	
	std::stack<BspTraversalData> tStack;
	
	// traverse existing tree or create new tree
    if (!mRoot)
		mRoot = new BspLeaf();

	tStack.push(BspTraversalData(mRoot, polys, 0, mRootCell, new RayContainer()));

	while (!tStack.empty())
	{
		// filter polygons donw the tree
		BspTraversalData tData = tStack.top();
	    tStack.pop();
			
		if (!tData.mNode->IsLeaf())
		{
			BspInterior *interior = dynamic_cast<BspInterior *>(tData.mNode);

			//-- filter view cell polygons down the tree until a leaf is reached
			if (!tData.mPolygons->empty())
			{
				PolygonContainer *frontPolys = new PolygonContainer();
				PolygonContainer *backPolys = new PolygonContainer();
				PolygonContainer coincident;

				int splits = 0;
		
				// split viewcell polygons with respect to split plane
				splits += interior->SplitPolygons(*tData.mPolygons, 
												  *frontPolys, 
												  *backPolys,
												  coincident,
												  sStoreSplitPolys);
				
				// extract view cells associated with the split polygons
				ViewCell *frontViewCell = mRootCell;
				ViewCell *backViewCell = mRootCell;
	
				if (!mGenerateViewCells)
				{
					ExtractViewCells(&backViewCell,
									 &frontViewCell,
									 coincident, 
									 interior->mPlane, 
									 frontPolys->empty(), 
									 backPolys->empty());
				}

				// don't need coincident polygons anymore
				interior->ProcessPolygons(&coincident, sStoreSplitPolys);

				mStat.splits += splits;

				// push the children on the stack
				tStack.push(BspTraversalData(interior->GetFront(), 
											 frontPolys, 
											 tData.mDepth + 1, 
											 frontViewCell,
											 tData.mRays));

				tStack.push(BspTraversalData(interior->GetBack(), 
											 backPolys, 
											 tData.mDepth + 1, 
											 backViewCell,
											 new RayContainer()));
			}

			// cleanup
			DEL_PTR(tData.mPolygons);
		}
		else
		{
			// reached leaf => subdivide current viewcell
			BspNode *subRoot = Subdivide(tStack, tData);
		}
	}
}

int BspTree::AddMeshToPolygons(Mesh *mesh, PolygonContainer &polys, MeshInstance *parent)
{
	FaceContainer::const_iterator fi;
	
	// copy the face data to polygons
	for (fi = mesh->mFaces.begin(); fi != mesh->mFaces.end(); ++ fi)
	{
		Polygon3 *poly = new Polygon3((*fi), mesh);
		poly->mParent = parent; // set parent intersectable
		polys.push_back(poly);
	}
	return (int)mesh->mFaces.size();
}

int BspTree::AddToPolygonSoup(const ViewCellContainer &viewCells, 
							  PolygonContainer &polys, 
							  int maxObjects)
{
	int limit = (maxObjects > 0) ? 
		Min((int)viewCells.size(), maxObjects) : (int)viewCells.size();
  
	int polysSize = 0;

	for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++ i)
	{
		if (viewCells[i]->GetMesh()) // copy the mesh data to polygons
		{
			mBox.Include(viewCells[i]->GetBox()); // add to BSP tree aabb
			polysSize += AddMeshToPolygons(viewCells[i]->GetMesh(), 
										   polys, viewCells[i]);
		}
	}

	return polysSize;
}

int BspTree::AddToPolygonSoup(const ObjectContainer &objects, PolygonContainer &polys, int maxObjects)
{
	int limit = (maxObjects > 0) ? Min((int)objects.size(), maxObjects) : (int)objects.size();
  
	for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i)
	{
		Intersectable *object = objects[i];//*it;
		Mesh *mesh = NULL;

		switch (object->Type()) // extract the meshes
		{
		case Intersectable::MESH_INSTANCE:
			mesh = dynamic_cast<MeshInstance *>(object)->GetMesh();
			break;
		case Intersectable::VIEW_CELL:
			mesh = dynamic_cast<ViewCell *>(object)->GetMesh();
			break;
			// TODO: handle transformed mesh instances
		default:
			Debug << "intersectable type not supported" << endl;
			break;
		}
		
        if (mesh) // copy the mesh data to polygons
		{
			mBox.Include(object->GetBox()); // add to BSP tree aabb
			AddMeshToPolygons(mesh, polys, mRootCell);
		}
	}

	return (int)polys.size();
}

void BspTree::Construct(const ViewCellContainer &viewCells)
{
	mStat.nodes = 1;
	mBox.Initialize(); 	// initialise bsp tree bounding box

 	// copy view cell meshes into one big polygon soup
	PolygonContainer *polys = new PolygonContainer();
	mStat.polys = AddToPolygonSoup(viewCells, *polys);

	// construct tree from the view cell polygons
	Construct(polys, new RayContainer());
}


void BspTree::Construct(const ObjectContainer &objects)
{
	mStat.nodes = 1;
	mBox.Initialize(); 	// initialise bsp tree bounding box
	
	PolygonContainer *polys = new PolygonContainer();
	
	// copy mesh instance polygons into one big polygon soup
	mStat.polys = AddToPolygonSoup(objects, *polys);

	// construct tree from polygon soup
	Construct(polys, new RayContainer());
}

void BspTree::Construct(const RayContainer &sampleRays)
{
	mStat.nodes = 1;
	mBox.Initialize(); 	// initialise bsp tree bounding box
	
	PolygonContainer *polys = new PolygonContainer();
	RayContainer *rays = new RayContainer();

	RayContainer::const_iterator rit, rit_end = sampleRays.end();

	long startTime = GetTime();
	Debug << "**** Extracting polygons from rays ****\n";

	std::map<Face *, Polygon3 *> facePolyMap;

	//-- extract polygons intersected by the rays
	for (rit = sampleRays.begin(); rit != rit_end; ++ rit)
	{
		Ray *ray = *rit;
		ray->SetId(-1); // reset id
		rays->push_back(ray);

		// get ray-face intersection. Store polygon representing the rays together
		// with rays intersecting the face.
		if (!ray->intersections.empty())
		{
			MeshInstance *obj = dynamic_cast<MeshInstance *>(ray->intersections[0].mObject);
			Face *face = obj->GetMesh()->mFaces[ray->intersections[0].mFace];

			std::map<Face *, Polygon3 *>::iterator it= facePolyMap.find(face);

			if (it != facePolyMap.end()) 
			{
				(*it).second->AddPiercingRay(ray);
			} 
			else
			{
				Polygon3 *poly = new Polygon3(face, obj->GetMesh());
				polys->push_back(poly);
				poly->AddPiercingRay(ray);

				facePolyMap[face] = poly;
			}
		}
	}
	
	Polygon3::IncludeInBox(*polys, mBox);
	mStat.polys = (int)polys->size();

	Debug << "**** Finished polygon extraction ****" << endl;
	Debug << (int)polys->size() << " polys extracted from " << (int)rays->size() << " rays" << endl;
	Debug << "extraction time: " << TimeDiff(startTime, GetTime())*1e-3 << "s" << endl;

	Construct(polys, rays);
}

void BspTree::Construct(PolygonContainer *polys, RayContainer *rays)
{
	std::stack<BspTraversalData> tStack;

	mRoot = new BspLeaf();

	BspTraversalData tData(mRoot, polys, 0, mRootCell, rays);
	tStack.push(tData);

	long startTime = GetTime();
	cout << "**** Contructing bsp tree ****\n";

	while (!tStack.empty()) 
	{
		tData = tStack.top();
	    tStack.pop();

		// subdivide leaf node
		BspNode *subRoot = Subdivide(tStack, tData);
	}

	cout << "**** Finished tree construction ****\n";
	Debug << "BSP tree contruction time: " << TimeDiff(startTime, GetTime())*1e-3 << "s" << endl;
}


BspNode *BspTree::Subdivide(BspTraversalStack &tStack, BspTraversalData &tData)
{
	//-- terminate traversal  
	if (((int)tData.mPolygons->size() <= sTermMaxPolygons) || 
		((int)tData.mRays->size() <= sTermMaxRays) ||
		(tData.mDepth >= sTermMaxDepth))
		
	{
		BspLeaf *leaf = dynamic_cast<BspLeaf *>(tData.mNode);
	
		// generate new view cell for each leaf
		if (mGenerateViewCells)
			mStat.contributingSamples += leaf->GenerateViewCell(*tData.mRays);
		else
			// add view cell to leaf
			leaf->SetViewCell(tData.mViewCell);
		
		EvaluateLeafStats(tData);

		//-- clean up
		// remaining polygons are discarded or added to node
		leaf->ProcessPolygons(tData.mPolygons, sStoreSplitPolys);
		DEL_PTR(tData.mPolygons);
		DEL_PTR(tData.mRays);

		return leaf;
	}

	//-- continue subdivision

	PolygonContainer coincident;
	
	PolygonContainer *frontPolys = new PolygonContainer();
	PolygonContainer *backPolys = new PolygonContainer();

	RayContainer *frontRays = new RayContainer();
	RayContainer *backRays = new RayContainer();
	
	// create new interior node and two leaf nodes
	BspInterior *interior = SubdivideNode(dynamic_cast<BspLeaf *>(tData.mNode), 
										  *tData.mPolygons,
										  *frontPolys,
										  *backPolys,
										  coincident,
										  *tData.mRays,
										  *frontRays,
										  *backRays);
	ViewCell *frontViewCell = mRootCell;
	ViewCell *backViewCell = mRootCell;

#ifdef _DEBUG	
	if (frontPolys->empty() && backPolys->empty() && (coincident.size() > 2))
	{	for (PolygonContainer::iterator it = coincident.begin(); it != coincident.end(); ++it)
			Debug << (*it) << " " << (*it)->GetArea() << " " << (*it)->mParent << endl ;
		Debug << endl;}
#endif

	// extract view cells from coincident polygons according to plane normal
    // only if front or back polygons are empty
	if (!mGenerateViewCells)
	{
   		ExtractViewCells(&backViewCell,
						 &frontViewCell,
						 coincident,
						 interior->mPlane,
						 backPolys->empty(),
						 frontPolys->empty());
	}
	
	// don't need coincident polygons anymore
	interior->ProcessPolygons(&coincident, sStoreSplitPolys);

	// push the children on the stack
	tStack.push(BspTraversalData(interior->GetBack(), 
								 backPolys, 
								 tData.mDepth + 1, 
								 backViewCell, 
								 backRays));

	tStack.push(BspTraversalData(interior->GetFront(), 
								 frontPolys, 
								 tData.mDepth + 1, 
								 frontViewCell, 
								 frontRays));

	// cleanup
	DEL_PTR(tData.mNode);
	DEL_PTR(tData.mPolygons);
	DEL_PTR(tData.mRays);

	return interior;
}

void BspTree::ExtractViewCells(ViewCell **backViewCell, 
							   ViewCell **frontViewCell,
							   const PolygonContainer &coincident,
							   const Plane3 splitPlane, 
							   const bool extractBack,
							   const bool extractFront) const
{
	bool foundFront = !extractFront, foundBack = !extractBack;

	PolygonContainer::const_iterator it = 
		coincident.begin(), it_end = coincident.end();

	//-- find first view cells in front and back leafs
	for (; !(foundFront && foundBack) && (it != it_end); ++ it)
	{
		if (DotProd((*it)->GetNormal(), splitPlane.mNormal) > 0)
		{
			*backViewCell = dynamic_cast<ViewCell *>((*it)->mParent);
			foundBack = true;
		}
		else
		{
			*frontViewCell = dynamic_cast<ViewCell *>((*it)->mParent);
			foundFront = true;
		}
	}
	//if (extractFront && foundFront)	Debug << "front view cell: " << *frontViewCell << endl;
	//if (extractBack && foundBack) Debug << "back view cell: " << *backViewCell << endl;
}

BspInterior *BspTree::SubdivideNode(BspLeaf *leaf, 
									PolygonContainer &polys,
									PolygonContainer &frontPolys,
									PolygonContainer &backPolys,
									PolygonContainer &coincident,
									RayContainer &rays,
									RayContainer &backRays,
									RayContainer &frontRays)
{
	mStat.nodes += 2;
	
	// select subdivision plane
	BspInterior *interior = 
		new BspInterior(SelectPlane(leaf, polys, rays)); 

#ifdef _DEBUG
	Debug << interior << endl;
#endif
	
	// partition rays
	interior->SplitRays(rays, frontRays, backRays);
	
	// split polygons with split plane
	mStat.splits +=interior->SplitPolygons(polys, 
									       frontPolys, 
							               backPolys, 
							               coincident, 
							               sStoreSplitPolys);

	BspInterior *parent = leaf->GetParent();

	// replace a link from node's parent
	if (!leaf->IsRoot())
	{
		parent->ReplaceChildLink(leaf, interior);
		interior->SetParent(parent);
	}
	else // new root
	{
		mRoot = interior;
	}

	// and setup child links
	interior->SetupChildLinks(new BspLeaf(interior), new BspLeaf(interior));
	
	return interior;
}

void BspTree::SortSplitCandidates(const PolygonContainer &polys, 
								  const int axis, 
								  vector<SortableEntry> &splitCandidates) const
{
  splitCandidates.clear();
  
  int requestedSize = 2 * (int)polys.size();
  // creates a sorted split candidates array  
  splitCandidates.reserve(requestedSize);
  
  PolygonContainer::const_iterator it, it_end = polys.end();

  AxisAlignedBox3 box;

  // insert all queries 
  for(it = polys.begin(); it != it_end; ++ it)
  {
	  box.Initialize();
	  box.Include(*(*it));
	  
	  splitCandidates.push_back(SortableEntry(SortableEntry::POLY_MIN, box.Min(axis), *it));
      splitCandidates.push_back(SortableEntry(SortableEntry::POLY_MAX, box.Max(axis), *it));
  }
  
  stable_sort(splitCandidates.begin(), splitCandidates.end());
}


float BspTree::BestCostRatio(const PolygonContainer &polys,
							 const AxisAlignedBox3 &box,
							 const int axis,
							 float &position,
							 int &objectsBack,
							 int &objectsFront) const
{
	vector<SortableEntry> splitCandidates;

	SortSplitCandidates(polys, axis, splitCandidates);
	
	// go through the lists, count the number of objects left and right
	// and evaluate the following cost funcion:
	// C = ct_div_ci  + (ol + or)/queries
	
	int objectsLeft = 0, objectsRight = (int)polys.size();
	
	float minBox = box.Min(axis);
	float maxBox = box.Max(axis);
	float boxArea = box.SurfaceArea();
  
	float minBand = minBox + sSplitBorder * (maxBox - minBox);
	float maxBand = minBox + (1.0f - sSplitBorder) * (maxBox - minBox);
	
	float minSum = 1e20f;
	vector<SortableEntry>::const_iterator ci, ci_end = splitCandidates.end();

	for(ci = splitCandidates.begin(); ci != ci_end; ++ ci) 
	{
		switch ((*ci).type) 
		{
			case SortableEntry::POLY_MIN:
				++ objectsLeft;
				break;
			case SortableEntry::POLY_MAX:
			    -- objectsRight;
				break;
			default:
				break;
		}
		
		if ((*ci).value > minBand && (*ci).value < maxBand) 
		{
			AxisAlignedBox3 lbox = box;
			AxisAlignedBox3 rbox = box;
			lbox.SetMax(axis, (*ci).value);
			rbox.SetMin(axis, (*ci).value);

			float sum = objectsLeft * lbox.SurfaceArea() + 
						objectsRight * rbox.SurfaceArea();
      
			if (sum < minSum) 
			{
				minSum = sum;
				position = (*ci).value;

				objectsBack = objectsLeft;
				objectsFront = objectsRight;
			}
		}
	}
  
	float oldCost = (float)polys.size();
	float newCost = sCt_div_ci + minSum / boxArea;
	float ratio = newCost / oldCost;


#if 0
  Debug << "====================" << endl;
  Debug << "costRatio=" << ratio << " pos=" << position<<" t=" << (position - minBox)/(maxBox - minBox)
      << "\t o=(" << objectsBack << "," << objectsFront << ")" << endl;
#endif
  return ratio;
}

Plane3 BspTree::SelectPlane(BspLeaf *leaf, 
							PolygonContainer &polys, 
							const RayContainer &rays)
{
	if (polys.size() == 0)
	{
		Debug << "Warning: No split candidate available\n";
		return Plane3();
	}

	if ((sSplitPlaneStrategy & AXIS_ALIGNED) &&
		((int)polys.size() > sTermMaxPolysForAxisAligned))
	{
		AxisAlignedBox3 box;
		box.Initialize();
	
		// todo: area subdivision
		Polygon3::IncludeInBox(polys, box);
        
		int objectsBack = 0, objectsFront = 0;
		int axis = 0;
		float costRatio = MAX_FLOAT;
		Vector3 position;

		for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++ i) 
		{
			float p = 0;
			float r = BestCostRatio(polys, box, i, p, objectsBack, objectsFront);
			
			if (r < costRatio)
			{
				costRatio = r;
				axis = i;
				position = p;
			}
		}
		
		if (costRatio < sMaxCostRatio)
		{
			Vector3 norm(0,0,0); norm[axis] = 1.0f;
			return Plane3(norm, position);
		}
	}

	// simplest strategy: just take next polygon
	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & RANDOM_POLYGON)
	{
		return polys[Random((int)polys.size())]->GetSupportingPlane();
	}

	// use heuristics to find appropriate plane
	return SelectPlaneHeuristics(polys, rays, sMaxCandidates);
}

Plane3 BspTree::SelectPlaneHeuristics(PolygonContainer &polys,
									  const RayContainer &rays,
									  const int maxTests)
{
	float lowestCost = MAX_FLOAT;
	int bestPlaneIdx = 0;
	
	int limit = maxTests > 0 ? Min((int)polys.size(), maxTests) : (int)polys.size();
	
	int candidateIdx = limit;
	
	for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++ i)
	{
		candidateIdx = GetNextCandidateIdx(candidateIdx, polys);

		Plane3 candidatePlane = polys[candidateIdx]->GetSupportingPlane();
		
		// evaluate current candidate
		float candidateCost = SplitPlaneCost(polys, candidatePlane, rays);
			
		if (candidateCost < lowestCost)
		{
			bestPlaneIdx = candidateIdx;
			lowestCost = candidateCost;
		}
	}
	
	//Debug << "Plane lowest cost: " << lowestCost << endl;
	return polys[bestPlaneIdx]->GetSupportingPlane();
}

int BspTree::GetNextCandidateIdx(int currentIdx, PolygonContainer &polys)
{
	int candidateIdx = Random(currentIdx --);

	// swap candidates to avoid testing same plane 2 times
	Polygon3 *p = polys[candidateIdx];
	polys[candidateIdx] = polys[currentIdx];
	polys[currentIdx] = p;
	
	return currentIdx;
	//return Random((int)polys.size());
}

float BspTree::SplitPlaneCost(PolygonContainer &polys, 
							  const Plane3 &candidatePlane, 
							  const RayContainer &rays)
{
	float val = 0;

	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & VERTICAL_AXIS)
	{
		Vector3 tinyAxis(0,0,0); tinyAxis[mBox.Size().TinyAxis()] = 1.0f;
		// we put a penalty on the dot product between the "tiny" vertical axis
		// and the split plane axis
		val += sVerticalSplitsFactor * 
			   fabs(DotProd(candidatePlane.mNormal, tinyAxis));
	}

	if (!((sSplitPlaneStrategy & BALANCED_POLYS)      ||
		  (sSplitPlaneStrategy & LEAST_SPLITS)        ||
		  (sSplitPlaneStrategy & LARGEST_POLY_AREA)   ||
		  (sSplitPlaneStrategy & BALANCED_VIEW_CELLS) ||
		  (sSplitPlaneStrategy & BLOCKED_RAYS)))
	{
		return val;
	}

	// -- strategies where the effect of the split plane is tested
	// on all input polygons 

	float sumBalancedPolys = 0;
	float sumSplits = 0;
	float sumPolyArea = 0;
	float sumBalancedViewCells = 0;
	float sumBlockedRays = 0;
	float totalBlockedRays = 0;
	//float totalArea = 0;

	// container for balanced view cells criterium
	ObjectContainer frontViewCells;
	ObjectContainer backViewCells;

	PolygonContainer::const_iterator it, it_end = polys.end();

	for (it = polys.begin(); it != it_end; ++ it)
	{
		int classification = (*it)->ClassifyPlane(candidatePlane);

		if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & BALANCED_POLYS)
			sumBalancedPolys += sBalancedPolysTable[classification];
		
		if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & LEAST_SPLITS)
			sumSplits += sLeastSplitsTable[classification];

		if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & LARGEST_POLY_AREA)
		{
			if (classification == Plane3::COINCIDENT)
				sumPolyArea += (*it)->GetArea();
			//totalArea += area;
		}
		
		if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & BLOCKED_RAYS)
		{
			float blockedRays = (float)(*it)->GetPiercingRays()->size();
		
			if (classification == Plane3::COINCIDENT)
				sumBlockedRays += blockedRays;
			Debug << "adding rays: " << blockedRays << endl;

			totalBlockedRays += blockedRays;
		}

		// assign view cells to back or front according to classificaion
		if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & BALANCED_VIEW_CELLS)
		{
			MeshInstance *viewCell = (*it)->mParent;
		
			if (classification == Plane3::FRONT_SIDE)
				frontViewCells.push_back(viewCell);
			else if (viewCell && (classification == Plane3::BACK_SIDE))
				backViewCells.push_back(viewCell);
		}
	}

	// all values should be approx. between 0 and 1 so they can be combined
	// and scaled with the factors according to their importance
	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & BALANCED_POLYS)
		val += sBalancedPolysFactor * fabs(sumBalancedPolys) / (float)polys.size();

	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & LEAST_SPLITS)    
		val += sLeastSplitsFactor * sumSplits / (float)polys.size();

	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & LARGEST_POLY_AREA) 
		// HACK: polys.size should be total area so scaling is between 0 and 1
		val += sLargestPolyAreaFactor * (float)polys.size() / sumPolyArea;

	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & BLOCKED_RAYS)
		if (totalBlockedRays > 0)
			val += sBlockedRaysFactor * sumBlockedRays / totalBlockedRays;

	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & BALANCED_VIEW_CELLS)
	{
		// count number of unique view cells
		sort(frontViewCells.begin(), frontViewCells.end());
		sort(backViewCells.begin(), backViewCells.end());

		ObjectContainer::const_iterator frontIt, frontIt_end = frontViewCells.end();
	
		Intersectable *vc = NULL;
		// increase counter for view cells in front of plane
		for (frontIt = frontViewCells.begin(); frontIt != frontIt_end; ++frontIt)
		{
			if (*frontIt != vc)
			{
				vc = *frontIt;
				sumBalancedViewCells += 1.0f;
			}
		}

		ObjectContainer::const_iterator backIt, backIt_end = backViewCells.end();
		vc = NULL;
		// decrease counter for view cells on back side of plane
		for (backIt = backViewCells.begin(); backIt != backIt_end; ++backIt)
		{
			if (*backIt != vc)
			{
				vc = *backIt;
				sumBalancedViewCells -= 1.0f;
			}
		}

		val += sBalancedViewCellsFactor * fabs(sumBalancedViewCells) / 
			(float)(frontViewCells.size() + backViewCells.size());
	}

	float sumBalancedRays = 0;
	float sumRaySplits = 0;

	RayContainer::const_iterator rit, rit_end = rays.end();

	for (rit = rays.begin(); rit != rays.end(); ++ rit)
	{
		if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & LEAST_RAY_SPLITS)
		{
		}

		if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & BALANCED_RAYS)
		{
		}
	}
	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & LEAST_RAY_SPLITS)
		if (!rays.empty())
			val += sLeastRaySplitsFactor * sumRaySplits / (float)rays.size();

	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & BALANCED_RAYS)
		if (!rays.empty())
			val += sBalancedRaysFactor * fabs(sumBalancedRays) / (float)rays.size();

	// return linear combination of the sums
	return val;
}

void BspTree::ParseEnvironment()
{
	//-- parse bsp cell tree construction method
	char constructionMethodStr[60];
	
	environment->GetStringValue("BspTree.Construction.input", constructionMethodStr);

	sConstructionMethod = FROM_INPUT_VIEW_CELLS;
	
	if (strcmp(constructionMethodStr, "fromViewCells") == 0)
		sConstructionMethod = FROM_INPUT_VIEW_CELLS;
	else if (strcmp(constructionMethodStr, "fromSceneGeometry") == 0)
		sConstructionMethod = FROM_SCENE_GEOMETRY;
	else if (strcmp(constructionMethodStr, "fromRays") == 0)
		sConstructionMethod = FROM_RAYS;
	else 
	{
		cerr << "Wrong construction method " << constructionMethodStr << endl;
		exit(1);
    }

	Debug << "Construction method: " << constructionMethodStr << endl;

	//-- termination criteria for autopartition
	environment->GetIntValue("BspTree.Termination.maxDepth", sTermMaxDepth);
	environment->GetIntValue("BspTree.Termination.maxPolygons", sTermMaxPolygons);
	environment->GetIntValue("BspTree.Termination.maxRays", sTermMaxRays);

	//-- termination criteria for axis aligned split
	environment->GetFloatValue("BspTree.Termination.ct_div_ci", sCt_div_ci);
	environment->GetFloatValue("BspTree.Termination.maxCostRatio", sMaxCostRatio);
	environment->GetIntValue("BspTree.Termination.maxPolysForAxisAligned", 
							 sTermMaxPolysForAxisAligned);
	
	//-- partition criteria
	environment->GetIntValue("BspTree.maxCandidates", sMaxCandidates);
	environment->GetIntValue("BspTree.splitPlaneStrategy", sSplitPlaneStrategy);
	environment->GetFloatValue("BspTree.splitBorder", sSplitBorder);
	
	environment->GetBoolValue("BspTree.storeSplitPolys", sStoreSplitPolys);

	environment->GetFloatValue("BspTree.Construction.sideTolerance", Polygon3::sSideTolerance);
	Polygon3::sSideToleranceSqrt = Polygon3::sSideTolerance * Polygon3::sSideTolerance;

    Debug << "BSP max depth: " << sTermMaxDepth << endl;
	Debug << "BSP max polys: " << sTermMaxPolygons << endl;
	Debug << "BSP max candidates: " << sMaxCandidates << endl;
	
	Debug << "Split plane strategy: ";
	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & RANDOM_POLYGON)
		Debug << "random polygon ";
	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & AXIS_ALIGNED)
		Debug << "axis aligned ";
	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & LEAST_SPLITS)     
		Debug << "least splits ";
	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & BALANCED_POLYS)
		Debug << "balanced polygons ";
	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & BALANCED_VIEW_CELLS)
		Debug << "balanced view cells ";
	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & LARGEST_POLY_AREA)
		Debug << "largest polygon area ";
	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & VERTICAL_AXIS)
		Debug << "vertical axis ";
	if (sSplitPlaneStrategy & BLOCKED_RAYS)
		Debug << "blocked rays ";

	Debug << endl;
}

void BspTree::CollectLeaves(vector<BspLeaf *> &leaves)
{
	stack<BspNode *> nodeStack;
	nodeStack.push(mRoot);
 
	while (!nodeStack.empty()) 
	{
		BspNode *node = nodeStack.top();
    
		nodeStack.pop();
    
		if (node->IsLeaf()) 
		{
			BspLeaf *leaf = (BspLeaf *)node;
			
			leaves.push_back(leaf);
		} else 
		{
			BspInterior *interior = dynamic_cast<BspInterior *>(node);
			nodeStack.push(interior->GetBack());
			nodeStack.push(interior->GetFront());
		}
	}
}

AxisAlignedBox3 BspTree::GetBoundingBox() const
{
	return mBox;
}

BspNode *BspTree::GetRoot() const
{
	return mRoot;
}

void BspTree::EvaluateLeafStats(const BspTraversalData &data)
{
	// the node became a leaf -> evaluate stats for leafs
	BspLeaf *leaf = dynamic_cast<BspLeaf *>(data.mNode);

	if (data.mDepth >= sTermMaxDepth)
		++ mStat.maxDepthNodes;
	// store maximal and minimal depth
	if (data.mDepth > mStat.maxDepth)
		mStat.maxDepth = data.mDepth;
	if (data.mDepth < mStat.minDepth)
		mStat.minDepth = data.mDepth;

	// accumulate depth to compute average
	mStat.accumDepth += data.mDepth;

	if (leaf->mViewCell != mRootCell)
	{	
		++ mStat.viewCells;
		mStat.pvs += leaf->mViewCell->GetPvs().GetSize();
	}
	
//#ifdef _DEBUG
	Debug << "BSP stats: "
		  << "Depth: " << data.mDepth << " (max: " << sTermMaxDepth << "), "
		  << "#polygons: " << (int)data.mPolygons->size() << " (max: " << sTermMaxPolygons << "), "
		  << "#rays: " << (int)data.mRays->size() << " (max: " << sTermMaxRays << ")" << endl;
//#endif
}

int BspTree::CastRay(Ray &ray)
{
	int hits = 0;
  
	stack<BspRayTraversalData> tStack;
  
	float maxt = 1e6;
	float mint = 0;
	
	Intersectable::NewMail();

	// test with tree bounding box
	if (!mBox.GetMinMaxT(ray, &mint, &maxt))
		return 0;

	if (mint < 0) // start ray from origin
		mint = 0;

	// bound ray
	if ((ray.GetType() == Ray::LOCAL_RAY) && 
		(!ray.intersections.empty())      &&
	    (ray.intersections[0].mT <= maxt))
	{
		maxt = ray.intersections[0].mT;
    }
  
	Vector3 entp = ray.Extrap(mint);
	Vector3 extp = ray.Extrap(maxt);
  
	BspNode *node = mRoot;
	BspNode *farChild = NULL;
	
	while (1)
	{
		if (!node->IsLeaf()) 
		{
			BspInterior *in = (BspInterior *) node;
			
			Plane3 *splitPlane = in->GetPlane();

			float t = 0;
			bool coplanar = false;
		
			int entSide = splitPlane->Side(entp);
			int extSide = splitPlane->Side(extp);

			Vector3 intersection;

			if (entSide < 0)
			{
				node = in->GetBack();

				if(extSide <= 0) // plane does not split ray => no far child
					continue;
					
				farChild = in->GetFront(); // plane splits ray

			} else if (entSide > 0)
			{
				node = in->GetFront();

				if (extSide >= 0) // plane does not split ray => no far child
					continue;

				farChild = in->GetBack(); // plane splits ray			
			}
			else // ray and plane are coincident // WHAT TO DO IN THIS CASE ?
			{
				node = in->GetFront();
				continue;
			}

			// push data for far child
			tStack.push(BspRayTraversalData(farChild, extp, maxt));

			// find intersection of ray segment with plane
			extp = splitPlane->FindIntersection(ray.GetLoc(), extp, &maxt);
			
		} else // reached leaf => intersection with view cell
		{
			BspLeaf *leaf = dynamic_cast<BspLeaf *>(node);
      
			if (!leaf->mViewCell->Mailed())
			{
				ray.viewCells.push_back(leaf->mViewCell);
				leaf->mViewCell->Mail();
				++ hits;
			}
			
   			//-- fetch the next far child from the stack
			if (tStack.empty())
				break;
      
			entp = extp;
			mint = maxt; // NOTE: need this?
			BspRayTraversalData &s = tStack.top();

			node = s.mNode;
			extp = s.mExitPoint;
			maxt = s.mMaxT;

			//Debug << "leaf: new entrypt: " << entp << " new extp: " << extp << endl;

			tStack.pop();
		}
	}

	return hits;
}

bool BspTree::Export(const string filename)
{
	Exporter *exporter = Exporter::GetExporter(filename);

	if (exporter) 
	{
		exporter->ExportBspTree(*this);
		return true;
	}	

	return false;
}

void BspTree::CollectViewCells(ViewCellContainer &viewCells) const
{
	stack<BspNode *> nodeStack;
	nodeStack.push(mRoot);

	ViewCell::NewMail();

	while (!nodeStack.empty()) 
	{
		BspNode *node = nodeStack.top();
		nodeStack.pop();

		if (node->IsLeaf()) 
		{
			ViewCell *viewCell = dynamic_cast<BspLeaf *>(node)->mViewCell;

			if (!viewCell->Mailed()) 
			{
				viewCell->Mail();
				viewCells.push_back(viewCell);
			}
		}
		else 
		{
			BspInterior *interior = dynamic_cast<BspInterior *>(node);

			nodeStack.push(interior->mFront);
			nodeStack.push(interior->mBack);
		}
	}
}

void BspTree::SetGenerateViewCells(int generateViewCells)
{
	mGenerateViewCells = generateViewCells;
}

BspTreeStatistics &BspTree::GetStat()
{
	return mStat;
}